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In recent years, with the advancement of the reform of the grain storage system, the main body of food production and organizational structure are constantly changing, and more and more new types of grain-growing households and cooperatives are becoming more and more. How to be close to the actual industry and market changes, better serve the large grain producers, and become an urgent problem to be solved in the country's "quality grain project", especially the construction of the grain post-production service system.
In the interview of the autumn grain purchase period, the reporter found that the grain post-production service supporting scale of some major grain-producing areas was initially completed, the functions were gradually completed, and the diversified construction modes had their own characteristics. The post-harvest service of grain foods helped the large grain-growing households to reduce their post-production and boost the output of high-yield products. The key role of the aspect has become increasingly prominent.
Drying becomes "just needed"
New main body supporting post-natal services
Located in Zhangzhou City in eastern Fujian, the grain is planted in two seasons a year, namely winter wheat and medium and late rice.
“The land transfer rate around Nanxun District is relatively high. There are 20~30 households with only 500 mu or more. Whether it is winter wheat or mid-late rice, there is no space and time for large grain growers, and it is unable to carry out artificial drying. Can be used to ensure that no bad food and timely sale of food, it can be said that the demand for drying services is very strong." The relevant person in charge of the food sector in Nanxun District, Chenzhou City told reporters.
According to reports, with the rising demand for grain drying in recent years, the current grain drying capacity of Nanxun District has reached 2,160 tons / day, and the grain drying capacity is more than 4,000 tons per day.
"The rice produced this year has all been dried and sold to the grain depot, 1.26 yuan / kg, the drying fee has not been given to the other party, because the rice moisture is different, it is estimated that the average down 100 yuan / ton." Cheng Donggui told reporters.
In the transfer of the national grain reserve in Zhangzhou City, the reporter saw Hua Guoan, one of the large grain growers and one of the operators of the Wenjie Drying Service Center.
In 2015, Hua Guoan and other four people invested in the Wenjie Drying Service Center, relying on the original cooperatives to meet their own grain demand, and to develop a one-stop society for surrounding farmers, such as breeding, machine farming, machine harvesting, drying and sales. Service.
“The daily drying capacity of our drying center has reached 125 tons. Last year, the autumn grain harvesting period was about 48 days. Up to now, this year, it has been started and dried for 19 days. The operating rate is expected to be less than last year. The drying center is also equipped with 9 million kilograms. The standard steel structure granary of the warehouse provides the farmers with the service of drying and sales on behalf of the company.†Hua Guoan said.
According to reports, currently within the range of 10 kilometers around the Wenjie Drying Service Center, four grain drying centers have been built in the past two or three years.
"There are a lot of drying towers around, because the big grain growers encounter rainy days, they can't hire people to dry, so they have to dry the equipment, they can use them themselves, they can also earn some drying fees, normal natural moisture. The rice drying fee is about 60~70 yuan/ton." Hua Guoan said.
In Meishan City, Sichuan Province, Jinguang Village Good Rice and Rice Professional Cooperative also has its own unique professional service model.
It is understood that the cooperative has 355 members, a total area of ​​41,000 mu of grain planting, and more than 60,000 mu of socialized services. It provides mechanized services for the surrounding farmers from farming, planting and drying. In Dongpo District, Renshou County, Hongya County and other places, 65 sets of dryers have been built, and the daily drying capacity is about 1,500 tons.
Li Xiangde, chairman of the Good Rice and Rice Professional Cooperative, told the reporters of the Grain and Oil Market: "Since mid-August, our drying center has started. At present, only a small amount of late rice is left to be dried. This year's drying service cycle will pass. Li Xiangde said that due to the heavy rain, the local rice natural moisture is generally 26%~32%, it needs to be dried to 13.5%, and the drying cost is 180 yuan/ton. If it is to provide drying services to other large grain growers other than cooperatives, the cost of gas and equipment depreciation will be eliminated, and the net profit will be 60~70 yuan/ton.
The continuous expansion of the scale of land management and the “rigid demand†of post-harvest losses of grain have enabled many large grain growers and food planting cooperatives to try to support grain drying facilities, and to serve other grain farmers around the country.
The extension of post-production drying service for large grain growers reflects the improvement of the awareness of the new main body to adapt to the market situation and improve the quality of grain production. It also shows that the construction of China's grain post-harvest service system needs to be improved, in order to help the grain producers to increase production and income, and protect them. Food enthusiasm.
Innovative service model
Let the grain growers have no worries after giving birth
In response to the market-acquisition conditions, farmers have received many problems such as grain collection, grain storage, grain sales, cleaning and drying. Since last year, the Ministry of Finance and the State Food and Material Reserve Bureau have vigorously implemented “quality grain projects†to accelerate the construction of specialized operations. The food post-harvest service center provides the “five-generation†service to the farmers for compensation, and strives to achieve full coverage of the grain-producing counties at the end of the “13th Five-Year Planâ€.
In order to better utilize the functions of post-natal service centers, avoid redundant construction, and improve the efficiency of drying resources, local food departments actively explore and innovate organizational forms, in addition to revitalizing the existing resources of state-owned grain depots, encouraging new varieties of grain farmers, cooperatives, etc. In addition to self-constructed grain drying facilities, the operating entities and grain processing enterprises have also explored new modes of cooperative operation such as “state-owned grain depots + private enterprisesâ€.
In Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Linchuan District Dongguan Grain Management Institute and Fuzhou Yongxing Rice Industry jointly constructed and operated the Dongguan Grain Post-production Joint Service Center.
Dongguan Grain Management Institute has 17 warehouses with a storage capacity of 22.5 million kilograms. It has strong storage capacity; Yongxing Rice Industry is an industrialized leading enterprise integrating grain purchase, processing and sales.
Dongguan Grain Management, such as warehouses and storage equipment, and other infrastructure facilities, according to the investment amount of 5% to 10% of annual rent, do not participate in the production and operation of the center, only cooperate and supervise; Fuzhou Yongxing Rice Industry to invest The grain drying equipment funds are invested in the company, which is specifically responsible for the production and operation of the center, and implements self-employment and self-financing.
The new mode of "state-owned + private" cooperative operation is not only conducive to giving full play to the advantages of state-owned grain enterprises in warehouse storage and technical talents, but also the advantages of market sensitivity and flexible mechanism of private grain enterprises, and effectively alleviating the funds in the process of construction of post-natal service centers. The shortage of contradictions has introduced a service mechanism based entirely on market operations, achieving the overall goal of complementing each other's advantages, operating flexibly, reducing costs, benefiting the people, and developing a win-win situation.
The Aitang Drying Center in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province has also adopted a strong and strong joint model. Through cooperation with the local Huilong Group, it provides storage, generation drying, quality inspection, processing, and sales for grain farmers. "Five generations" service.
In 2018, the center dried 1000 tons of wheat. Since the autumn grain was listed this year, the daily storage capacity of rice drying has reached more than 100 tons, and more than 3,000 tons of rice have been dried in just half a month.
“This greatly facilitated local farmers and large grain growers, which led to grain depletion, quality improvement, efficiency increase and income increase for grain and agriculture. At the same time, the state-owned grain drying service center also played a role in guiding the rational pricing of the drying market, effectively solving the problem of farmers. 'Difficulty drying, drying expensive' problem." Anguo Ling, director of the Grain Bureau of Ganzhou City, told the reporter of the grain and oil market.
In order to further improve the level of socialized services, the “five-generation†service will be further extended in combination with the actual situation, small-scale transportation vehicles will be purchased, and transportation services will be carried out to help farmers solve the “last mile†transportation problem. This has not only reduced the cost of transporting grain for farmers, but also broadened the scope of business of the service center.
The Linchuan District Grain Post-Production Service Center has established a long-term and stable cooperative relationship with the large-scale and stable food production cooperatives, providing services such as agency sales, custody and post-production technology to ensure that the cleaned and dried foods are in full compliance with national technical quality standards.
In order to prevent the phenomenon of “difficulty drying and drying expensiveâ€, in this year's summer grain and autumn grain purchase work, the Ganzhou Municipal Grain Bureau and other departments have jointly implemented policies to guide the rational pricing of the drying points to meet the drying of large grain farmers. demand.
According to reports, in the autumn of 2017, the water content of rice in the jurisdiction of Chenzhou City is basically controlled at about 4 cents per catty, and the drying cost of 20% to 26% is controlled at about 6 cents per catty. %~50%. The emergence of state-owned grain drying stations has lowered the price of drying services in the market, effectively reducing the drying costs of large grain growers.
The Implementation Plan for the Construction of Grain Post-harvest Service System proposes to build a new socialized grain post-harvest service system with reasonable layout, sufficient capacity, advanced facilities, and perfect functions to meet the post-harvest handling needs of food, enhance the bargaining power of farmers' market, and promote grain quality improvement. File, promote the reduction of grain, and improve the level of professional services.
Respond to the new forms of market-based storage and storage, and adapt to the new needs of the grain-growing main body. In the process of constructing a socialized post-harvest service system, it is necessary to innovate the organizational form and supporting service functions according to local conditions, not only to meet the demand but also to avoid the idle resources and improve the pluralism. Service, form a complete service chain, close to the actual and practical service of grain owners, in order to improve the quality of post-harvest quality assurance in China.
Diversified services into key post-production drying "guarantee" grain
Recently, when the reporter of the Grain and Oil Market reported to Cheng Donggui, a 44-year-old grain grower in Huangnigang Town, Nanxun District, Chenzhou City, Anhui Province, he just sold the dried rice to the grain depot. The grain of more than 500 mu of land was smoothly realized, and there was no need to worry about the post-production drying problem, which made Cheng Donggui completely relieved.