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According to the reporter, about 60 kinds of flammable agents and oxidants are closely related to the production of fireworks. These traditional medicines are mostly flammable and explosive chemicals. However, nowadays, non-sulfur reductants and combustibles that do not contain toxic substances that are banned by the country are increasingly being used in the production of fireworks. In the Spring Festival this year, only Tianjin City has listed a total of 60 million yuan worth of fireworks and more than 200 varieties. Because environmental protection firecrackers have obvious advantages in environmental protection and safety, they have become the protagonists in the fireworks market. Not only did these fireworks have more brilliant colors when they were set off, but they also did not have the smell of gunpowder from traditional fireworks, and they couldn't see the loess that was set aside when they were fired.
The main components of traditional fireworks are black powder. The main components of gunpowder are sulfur, charcoal and other flammable agents as well as strong oxidizers such as potassium nitrate and potassium chlorate. Among them, sulfur is used as a reducing agent, and its content is up to 10%-30% in gunpowder. When making electro-optic cannons, fireworks, and color fireworks, magnesium powder, iron powder, aluminum powder, silicon powder, and inorganic salts must also be added. When fireworks and firecrackers are ignited, charcoal powder, sulfur powder, metal powder and the like undergo chemical reaction under the action of an oxidant and rapidly burn to generate carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and other gases and metal oxide dust. A large amount of gas is generated instantaneously, causing air pollution. When a large number of firecrackers are set off during the Spring Festival, the concentration of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air will increase significantly, and nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and respirable particulate matter may exceed the national standards. During the Spring Festival this year, the Beijing-Tianjin region continued to present a rare good air quality, which is not unrelated to the use of environmentally safe fireworks.
The development of safe and environment-friendly fireworks and firecrackers is based on the safety and environmental performance of flammable agents. The widely used black powder has low safety performance. Among them, sulfur is used as a flammable agent, the ignition temperature is low, the burning speed is fast, and the accidents are frequent. To successfully develop a black powder that replaces sulfur, it has become the focus of research and development to increase the decomposition temperature, reduce the three major sensitivities (static, friction, impact), reduce the harmful smoke, and the power of explosion.
Sulfur, as a reducing agent, generates a large amount of sulfur dioxide when it is burned, and it easily produces sulfuric acid and nitrous acid after it is wet. The former will seriously pollute the atmosphere, while the latter will cause acid corrosion. At the same time sulfur is an insulator, easy to produce static electricity, and the ignition temperature is low (112.8 °C -120 °C), belonging to flammable and explosive materials, these have brought great security risks to the production, storage and transportation of fireworks. In order to solve these problems, the fireworks industry has invested many resources in order to develop new raw materials that are safer and more environmentally friendly. At present, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, which is known as the hometown of China's fireworks, has successfully developed a sulphur-reducing agent for fireworks, “Sulfurâ€. The pyrotechnic composition prepared with this iron-iron-based reducing agent was detected by the environmental protection department. When the fuel is discharged, the amount of sulfur dioxide in the air is reduced by more than 68% compared with the traditional fireworks. After oxidation, it becomes iron oxide and iron sulfate. These are all feeds. One of the ingredients of additives, blood-purifying agents, and water purifying agents, etc., which fall in the grass is natural rare elements of animals such as cattle, sheep, and pigs, and truly realizes the transformation into a treasure. In addition, "Sulfur" is not easily oxidized and is not susceptible to acid corrosion. "Sulfur" main material has a flash point of 520°C-600°C, which is 5 times that of sulfur. It is not easy to generate static electricity and it is not easy to catch fire. Its mechanical sensitivity and moisture absorption rate are in line with national standards. It is an environmentally friendly product and has obtained national patent authorization. Widely used in the production of various fireworks products. It is understood that the current Sulfur has been mass-produced, becoming another major innovation in fireworks and firecrackers. While having many advantages, the price of "Sulfur is lower than sulfur by 600 yuan / ton, and it has a very broad application prospect in the fireworks and firecracker industry.
In addition, the safety formula of the flammable agent is also very important, and it is necessary to actively carry out repeated tests to ensure that the chemical properties of each formula, impact, friction, heat, static and other sensitivity of the stability of the security, and has a unique and unique firing effect. It is still a very urgent new task to study new oxidants that can replace potassium chlorate with low mechanical sensitivity, stable chemical properties, and great power.
According to Xu Qiangguo, director of Liuyang City Firecracker Fireworks Administration Bureau, Liuyang is the world’s largest fireworks production and export base. In 2007, Liuyang fireworks output exceeded 7 billion yuan, and the city’s fireworks output and fireworks exports accounted for 50% and 70% of the country’s fireworks respectively. about. This year's Beijing Olympic Games has provided an opportunity for Liuyang. Its fireworks production and sales are expected to achieve a target of 10 billion yuan. Behind this 10 billion yuan output value, it will pull a huge industry of chemical agents.
Non-sulphur reducing agent application contributed
At the end of the Spring Festival this year, people who are still immersed in the celebration of “Firecrackers One Year Old†are seeing a welcome change: the concept of safety and environmental protection is increasingly penetrating into the manufacturing of fireworks and fireworks, and today’s fireworks Safety and environmental protection products have gradually become the protagonists. The various chemicals used in the production of fireworks and firecrackers are no longer filled with the smell of gunpowder and the sky is even more blue.