At the beginning of 2015, less than half a month, Jinan, Shenyang, Zhejiang Dongyang, Nanjing and other cities, thousands of "big brothers" collectively "small picks", the people travel is difficult to intensify, complaints.
In fact, in recent years, dozens of cities across the country have had taxi outages, and they have become more and more powerful. An overview of the "big brother" appeal, "one yuan fuel fee cancellation", "special car, black car grab business" "starting price is too low", etc. is just a fuse, too high "money money", industry monopoly, lagging management measures is The root of the disease. The 20-year monopoly has not only distorted the supply and demand relationship of the market, but also led to power rent-seeking and corruption, which has intensified the contradiction in the taxi industry. At the same time, like the squid into the water, the "special car service" based on the Internet innovation model has already pushed the taxi reform to the cusp.
"The brother" situation is comparable to "Xiangzi"
On January 12, more than 400 taxis in Jinan were shut down, and it was difficult to find a car in Jinan Railway Station and other transportation hubs. A large number of passengers waited in the cold wind, and even through the drip taxi tipping price increase of 10 yuan, still no car response for a long time.
In just half a month in 2015, Jinan was the fourth city to stop taxis: On the morning of January 4, more than 70 taxis in Shenyang were docked near the Olympic Sports Center in Weinan New District; the same morning, Hundreds of taxis in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province collectively “hibernate” at the entrance of the city government square; on the morning of the 9th, hundreds of taxis in Nanjing were collectively suspended for detention, and some citizens passed the drip taxi and tipped up to 50 yuan.
This phenomenon is by no means accidental. In recent years, taxi outages have occurred in dozens of cities across the country. Only in the past 2014, in May, nearly 100 taxis in Guyang County, Inner Mongolia, were shut down, hoping to reduce contracting costs; in November, nearly 100 taxis in Qingyuan, Guangdong Province called for attention to high monthly rent and black car phenomenon; Shaanxi Nearly 100 taxis in Baoji City hope to reduce gas costs; in December, more than 400 taxis from four taxi companies in Huangshan City, Anhui Province hope to raise the starting price...
The problems reflected by the "Big" are mostly related to fuel cost adjustment, price adjustment schemes and black cars and special vehicles. A taxi driver in Shenyang said that the pressure of survival is too great, and the number of private cars and black cars is increasing, affecting the income of regular taxi drivers. The monthly income of some "brothers" has dropped from 5,000 yuan to the current 3,000 yuan.
"Now the taxi can't be opened. I go out at 4 in the morning, I can easily get a meal at noon, and then I will deliver the car at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Sometimes I can't even get 100 yuan for the meal." Say.
Behind these appearances, the survival pressure of “Brother” actually originated from “money money” far above the price increase level.
"In the morning, when you blink, you owe more than 100 companies." The reporter found that many drivers said that more than half of the monthly income was contributed to the money. The working hours were more than 12 hours a day, and they were in a state of high fatigue for a long time. The 8 hour car can't stay for a penny."
With the money soaring, there is also the taxi license price. Since the 1980s, Zhejiang Wenzhou taxi operation permit has been auctioned and auctioned, and the price has risen from 200,000 yuan to 1.26 million yuan. In Shandong, the taxi transfer fee of 40,000 yuan has reached a maximum of 500,000 yuan. These high car bids have been transferred to the "friend" who has no bargaining power.
High-value money, high-priced licenses, general inspection fees, insurance, and illegal fines are all overwhelmed. Beijing’s “brother” Wu Jiabao has to pay 4,000 yuan per month, and also has to pay insurance premiums, maintenance fees, and fines for violations. So far, he has been doing a daydream of “being the subject” for 12 years. "Now Beijing can't buy a license. It can only work for the company for a lifetime. Even if it says that a license is 1 million, there is always hope that it will save enough money to turn over and become the master. But now this road is blocked."
Before 2011, the income of taxi drivers in Beijing was higher than the average social wage by about 10%, and today's income is lower than 10% of the average social wage. The driver admits that in order to make money for more work, knowing that "detours", "pelling customers" and "refusing to carry" will dissatisfy passengers. "You have to be so cheeky." Under heavy pressure, a large number of taxi drivers have long-term high-intensity, overloaded labor, stomach ptosis, diabetes, cervical lumbar strain, and rheumatoid arthritis have become common occupational diseases.
Taxi companies only take the "money money"
What is the money that has been criticized?
The money is the common name for the contractor who handed over the tax to the company. It first appeared 20 years ago. Since the mid-1990s, major cities such as Beijing have begun to control the total amount of taxis, and transferred the property rights of rental vehicles to the hands of taxi companies. Drivers need to contract to enterprises, while enterprises are subject to government franchising. Access restrictions.
The money system has been widely practiced in various places for a long time, and the Regulations on the Management of Taxi Management Services, which was implemented on January 1, 2015, has written the money into the departmental regulations of the Ministry of Transport. Article 36 of the policy stipulates that the taxi operator shall reasonably determine the contracting and management fees and shall not pass on the investment and operational risks to the driver. At the same time, the taxi operator shall be required to regulate the internal charging behavior, collect the fees reasonably according to the regulations, disclose the charging items and charging standards to the driver, and provide the charging bills.
A taxi company manager admitted that taxi companies have almost no market risk compared with drivers like "Camel Xiangzi". The burden of fuel, maintenance and maintenance is thrown to the driver. "Just sitting and collecting money." ".
Although many governments have stipulated that taxi companies are not allowed to raise money at will, the reporter found that many taxi companies have raised their money for years, such as Hangzhou taxis have risen by about 70% in the past 10 years. In addition to the public price increase year after year, some taxi companies have privately rose. Shanghai's four major taxi companies said that they would calculate a monthly fixed income of 8,200 yuan. Many taxi drivers told reporters that according to the company's public announcement, the double-bus driver has to pay 4110 yuan/month/person per month, but the company actually collects more than 5,300 yuan per month.
In addition, a number of taxi drivers said that some money has a basis for charging, and some charges are neither public nor bills, or a "confusing account." A taxi driver in Shanghai said that according to the company's rules, it is necessary to pay the money before starting work. If you don't pay the money, you can't start work, so you can only pay the money first. As for whether the charges are reasonable, whether or not the invoices are issued will not be taken care of.
Where did the high money go? The reporter learned that at present, domestic taxi companies charge the driver two kinds of money: one type of money contains the basic salary and related social security that will be returned to the driver in the future; the other money is not Including the above part of the cost, but only the vehicle usage fee and business management fees. But no matter how it is collected, the money is generally the net income calculated by the taxi company after calculating the cost and adding the profit space. Therefore, collecting money is a “super stable” business model for companies to eliminate risks and ensure profit.
The reporter saw from a catalogue of contracting expenses for the operation of Wuhan taxi companies that the driver who contracted the Dongfeng Elysee model paid the company more than 4,000 yuan per month for the vehicle depreciation, auto insurance and other items as the cost of the vehicle. It accounts for about 60%, and the cost of the company management fee is as high as 1,500 yuan, accounting for nearly 40%. However, according to the Wuhan Municipal Price Department's announcement of the operating costs of taxi operators, the six taxi companies they extracted have an average operating cost of only 908 yuan per month, which is far from the above 1,500 yuan. This means that in the case of depreciation of vehicles, taxes and fees, etc., the driver only bears the management fee of more than 1,500 yuan per car, and the profit of 600 yuan is taken away by the enterprise.
Even so, these public figures are only part of the profits of some taxi companies. Because some taxi operators are not standardized, the management of employees is insufficient, the welfare is not enough, and the government supervision is not in place, a large amount of profit margin is hidden in the operating costs of enterprises. In the past ten years, the taxi industry in the big cities in China has been in a situation of fewer cars and fewer people, which has enabled taxi companies to enjoy the long-term “policy dividend”.
In the service industry of the same kind of public welfare, the average annual profit rate of taxi companies in the past few years has stabilized at around 10%, exceeding the average profit rate of 5% or less. The senior executives of the parent company of a large taxi company in Shanghai have an annual salary of several hundred thousand yuan or even more than one million yuan.
However, in the case of long-term stable profits, the contribution of taxi companies to government fiscal revenue is limited. The reporter found that in Beijing, each car pays 355 yuan per month, which accounts for about 3% of the monthly income of bicycles. In Shanghai, the monthly tax payment per car accounts for about 2% of the monthly income of bicycles.
Although the relevant surveys have publicized the operating costs of taxi companies, many drivers have reported that enterprises use various means to obtain invisible benefits in the form of vehicle repairs, equipment replacement, and personnel expenses.
The reporter interviewed three taxi drivers who were driving in Shanghai for about 20 years. They said that in addition to the money marked by the price, each person must pay the so-called 500 yuan repair fee per month.
In addition, the purchase of low-priced inferior accessories to drivers is also one of the means for some companies to profit from the money. Many taxi drivers said, “The company gave us poor quality brake pads. Normal brake pads can be used for 20,000 kilometers, but they broke our brake pads for 10,000 kilometers. A driver changed for up to one week. Three batteries, and normal batteries can be used for half a year."
A taxi driver in Wuhan, Lu Shifu, said that one of the money he handed in was a monthly natural gas conversion fee of 200 yuan. In the market, the price of a taxi "oil to gas" is only about 4,000 yuan. According to the standard of the money, a car is compulsory for five years. Only natural gas conversion will cost 12,000 yuan, which is 3 times the market price.
Huge managerial expenses are also an important cost component of the money. “It’s basically a meeting every week, emphasizing compliance with traffic discipline and not talking about management.” Many drivers report. An industry insider told reporters that in many taxi companies in Beijing and Shanghai, the number of managers and taxi drivers in the office is actually one to one; one of the tens of thousands of taxi companies, managers at all levels actually There are more than 2,000 people.
The reporter found in a taxi company operating cost table in Wuhan that there are high expenses such as office expenses and travel expenses in the management fees of enterprises. A small taxi company with less than 10 management personnel in Wuhan has more than 450,000 yuan in office expenses in 2013 alone.
Chen Xiaohong, a professor at Tongji University's School of Transportation and Engineering, pointed out that many taxi companies have not published enough expenditure items, especially the lack of detailed and transparent management personnel, which reflects serious institutional loopholes in the income and expenditure of the money.
"Special car": spoiler or subversive In the case of taxi stoppages in many places, "co" is not satisfied with "special car" to grab business is an important fuse.
In October 2014, the special car service was launched. Private cars were linked to the rental company to seize the taxi operation market, and the business service slogan was used to divide the market cake.
The reporter also experienced the ride of the "Drip Special Train". After entering the mobile phone interface, the reporter confirmed that the car information was sent. In less than 20 seconds, the driver grabbed the order. The reporter saw that the software interface displayed the phone number, surname, photo and model of the grab driver.
About 10 minutes later, the reporter saw a black Wrangler parked on the side of the road and opened the door for the reporter. Take the car that the reporter is taking as an example. The starting price is 13 yuan, and the price is 2.9 yuan per kilometer, which is much more expensive than a taxi. However, due to the novice coupons, the whole journey of 12 kilometers, 46.9 yuan, 31.9 yuan, and 26 yuan if you take a taxi. The driver, Master Tan, said that the more times the software is used, the more coupons are available. The reporter also found that the passengers could not get the invoice at the time, the passengers need to fill in the address on the software, and the invoice was sent to the passengers by mail.
While bringing a new experience to end users, the car service also brings new challenges to the traditional taxi industry. Compared with the monopoly format of taxis, this new format is characterized by low management costs and a huge advantage in the proportion of drivers. Zhang Zhenyu, the media manager of “Drips and Tricks”, said that Shenyang’s “Drip Special Vehicle” is nearly 1,000 vehicles. If the “Drip Special Vehicle” earns 100 yuan for a single business, and the “Drip” draws 20%, the driver can get 80 yuan. Higher than the income for working for a taxi company.
Faced with obvious income advantages, more and more taxi drivers have asked for resignation. Compared with renting a car with a network with a monthly salary of over 10,000, it is difficult to get a similar salary in a taxi company.
However, in recent days, Beijing and other places have begun to “strike hard” car services on the grounds of suspected black car washing. Shenyang and Nanjing have also said that the car has not obtained the taxi operating license, which is illegal operation. For this definition, the “Drip-Docking” party believes that the so-called black car refers to a vehicle that has not handled any relevant formalities in the transportation management department, and has not received the operating license and implemented illegal operation with paid services. However, “Drip Special Vehicle” is a mobile travel information platform. It only cooperates with car rental companies and labor companies operating according to law, and does not cooperate with private cars. If an accident occurs, the “Drip Fund” will pay in accordance with the scope of responsibility.
The Ministry of Transport recently said that "special car service" is an innovative service model in the new era, which has a positive effect on meeting the high quality, diversification and differentiation needs of the transportation market. However, at the same time, the "right name" did not respond to the core issue of the reform of the monopoly of taxis.
Industry insiders suggest that the regulatory authorities can access the Internet “special car service” information back-end, which facilitates the review of vehicle information and eliminates the entry of illegal vehicles from the source. At the same time, the "special car service" should be given enough observation period and development period instead of killing it with a stick.
In response to the high-sounding "money money" ills, many countries across the country have tried water-moving knives: Liaoning Province intends to stipulate the gradual realization of the taxi operation rights for a limited period of use; Wuhan plans to implement the taxi operation rights free of charge, 15,000 taxis Every year, the amount of money is expected to be reduced by 100 million yuan; Guangzhou pilots the implementation of "the appointment system", so that "the brother" and the enterprise signed a labor contract, get a stable wage, the actual monthly payment can be 300 yuan to 400 yuan less than the contract system.

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