General equipment manufacturing includes boiler and prime mover manufacturing, metal processing machinery manufacturing, lifting and transportation equipment manufacturing, manufacture of pumps, valves, compressors and similar machinery, manufacture of bearings, gears, transmission and drive components, ovens, furnaces and Electric furnace manufacturing, fans, weighing instruments, packaging equipment and other general equipment manufacturing, general parts manufacturing and mechanical repairs, metal casting, forging and so on.

The general equipment manufacturing industry is a basic industry in the equipment manufacturing industry. It provides basic equipment such as power, transmission, basic processing, lifting and transportation, and heat treatment for the industrial industry. It is a primary product for iron and steel castings and forgings, as well as bearings, gears, and fasteners. Seals and other basic components. The industry has a wide range of product applications, mainly covering aerospace, transportation, petrochemicals, light industrial textiles and other markets.

I. International Market Environment for General Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Western Europe, the United States, Japan, and other countries have a more developed general equipment manufacturing industry, with a higher market share in each sub-sector:

Boiler and prime mover manufacturing industry: In the international market, circulating fluidized bed boilers have become the mainstream of the industry due to their superior environmental characteristics, fuel adaptability, and good operational performance. The industry has experienced mergers and acquisitions, forming the United States FW company and the French company GECAlstom. Two major groups.

Metal processing machinery industry: The United States, Germany and Japan are the countries with the most advanced technology and richest experience in the research, design, manufacture and use of CNC machine tools.

The mainstream of the American machine tool manufacturing industry is toward electronic, high-speed, and precision development. It is still in the world's leading position in high-performance automatic machine tools, automatic production lines, NC machine tools, FMS and other machine tool technologies and industrial production. Mainly distributed in the Midwest and Northeastern states, the main consumer users are automotive manufacturing, aerospace industry, construction and medical equipment manufacturing.

As one of the five pillars of its machinery industry, the German machine tool industry has always been a leader in quality and technology. Germany's CNC machine tools are of good quality, advanced and practical, and exported to the world. Especially large, heavy, precision CNC machine tools. Germany attaches great importance to the advanced and practical use of CNC machine tools and its accessories. Its machines, electricity, liquid, gas, light, tools, measurement, numerical control systems, and various functional components rank among the highest in the world in quality and performance. Such as the Siemens CNC system, is world-famous, becoming the best choice for most users.

Japan's machine tool industry technology, the first imitation of post-production, Mr. large-scale production of a wide range of mid-range CNC machine tools, a large number of exports, occupying most of the world market share, and in the 1980s began to further strengthen scientific research, development of high-performance CNC machine tools. Now, each machine tool company has targeted to develop a variety of low-middle-end high-end numerical control systems, and has its own unique technological advantages of CNC machine tools and automation equipment patented technology.

Pumps, valves, compressors, and similar machinery manufacturing industries: The United States is the world's largest valve producer. The U.S. Valve Association has more than 110 companies with an annual output value of more than 4 billion U.S. dollars, and the output value accounts for about 30% of the world's valve output value; Japan The valve market has a high degree of concentration. The first 15 out of more than 700 companies account for 70% of the market. Control valves are its main export products. There are more than 170 valve companies in Germany and the output value exceeds 2.2 billion euros, including exports. The rate is about 50%. Valve products in these countries occupy the mid-to-high end of the valve market.

Bearings, gears, transmissions and drive components manufacturing industry: The international bearing industry is highly concentrated, with eight companies in Sweden, Germany, Japan and the United States (Swedish SKF, Schaeffler, Japan Seiko, American Timken, Japan NTN, Japan The market share of Jettatek, Japan, and Fujitsu in Japan is 80%. Almost occupied the bearing market, especially the high-end market, China's bearing industry will be in the external environment of this international bearing industry structure.

II. International Policy Environment for General Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Taking the machine tool manufacturing industry as an example, successive US governments have attached great importance to the machine tool industry, and the US Department of Defense and other departments have constantly proposed the development direction of the machine tool and scientific research tasks, and provided sufficient funding while also recruiting talent from the world. In development, we pay special attention to "efficiency" and "innovation" and pay attention to basic scientific research. We will set out plans and measures for major scientific research projects and provide sufficient funding; organize and guide scientific research cooperation between relevant scientific research units and enterprises; and after the development of new products, organize the use of orders for promotion, and accelerate the further deepening of scientific research.

The German Machine Tool Association (VDW) provides German companies with all possible market support, from market information and statistical data to reports on various products and forecasts for key areas such as the automotive industry. VDW uses the China Machine Tool Association to provide direct access to German companies interested in seeking partners in China; to provide import certification and other trade information for all types of equipment and services; to organize Chinese personnel to conduct technical training activities in Germany as required. Organize German business delegations to participate in large-scale metal processing exhibitions in China and contact the German government to provide official support.

The Japanese government attaches great importance to the development of the machine tool industry. On the one hand, through the planning and formulation of laws and regulations (such as "vibration law", "electromechanical law", "machine trust method", etc.) to guide the development of the industry, on the other hand provide sufficient funding for research and development to encourage Scientific research institutions and enterprises are making great efforts to develop CNC machine tools. Learning about Germany in terms of personnel and machine tool components, learning about the United States in quality management and CNC machine tool technology, and combining the experience of the two countries, has formed its own development characteristics and came from behind.

After the financial crisis in 2008, the instability of the international economic environment has increased. Countries around the world have focused their attention on the real economy for the purpose of stabilizing the economy. The equipment manufacturing industry has received increasing attention as a basic industry. The industrialized countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany have all taken aim. High-end equipment manufacturing industry gives greater policy support and encouragement to high-end manufacturing industries.

Third, China's general equipment industry development status

In China's general equipment manufacturing industry, with the exception of individual sub-sectors, the degree of industry concentration is relatively low, and product differences within the industry are not significant. Under this market environment, the cost control of enterprises is an important factor in determining competitiveness, corporate production management, and technology. Management is the key to enterprise cost control. Only enterprises with production management and technical management in place can be in a leading position. At the same time, industrial scale is an important factor in determining the market share and pricing of enterprises, and the marketing and construction of product brands is also related to enterprises. The position in the market competition pattern.

In 2011, China's general-purpose equipment manufacturing industry, nearly 25,000 enterprises above designated size, output value reached 4.22 trillion yuan, general equipment manufacturing companies dominated by small-scale enterprises, and the number of small-sized enterprises accounted for nearly 90%, while the proportion of large-scale enterprises accounted for only It is 0.6%. Among large-scale enterprises, there are only a few companies with annual sales revenue of more than 10 billion yuan, and most of the companies only have annual sales of several billion yuan or 10 billion yuan.

China's general equipment industry has a relatively high concentration of a few industries such as boilers, steam turbines, and water turbines. It has several large-scale backbone enterprises and its product market share is relatively high. For example, Dongfang Electric, Shanghai Electric and Harbin Electric Power Group have produced more than half of the total output of the three major power groups in the fields of boilers, steam turbines, and water turbines.

In recent years, China's machine tool industry has also emerged a large number of large enterprises represented by Shenyang Machine Tools and Dalian Machine Tools. Shenyang Machine Tool and Dalian Machine Tool have achieved rapid development through mergers and acquisitions, expansion of production capacity, and enhancement of products, and have entered the top ten global machine tool manufacturers. Ranks. The industry also has a number of key enterprises with different characteristics, such as Beiyi Machine Tool, Jiji Machine Tool, Qinchuan Machine Tool, Wuhan Heavy Machine Tool, Qi 2 Machine Tool, etc. They have strong competitive strength in different segments, but from The machine tool industry as a whole, these companies' market share is still low.

The market concentration of common basic parts such as gears, bearings, fasteners, and liquid airtightness is even lower. There is almost no market share of companies exceeding 5%. The situation of excessive competition in the low-end market has already emerged, the price war has intensified, and companies are already in a position of low profit or even losses. Therefore, in the near future, these industries will eliminate a number of backward production capacity through market competition.

Since 2001, China's machinery industry has entered a golden period of development. The scale of industrial output value has been expanding year by year, and the average annual growth rate of output value has exceeded 20%. General equipment manufacturing industry, as an important molecular industry in the machinery industry, has also entered a period of rapid growth. Apart from the significant decline in growth rate in 2009, the output value scale has maintained a relatively rapid growth. The average growth rate in the past five years has reached 26.56%. At the same time, the scale of industrial assets has also expanded significantly, and the average growth rate in the past five years has reached 22.55%. In the economic environment where manufacturing returns to the “standard”, with the implementation of relevant policies for high-end equipment manufacturing, the implementation of industrial transformation and upgrading plans, and the increase in investment in fixed assets related to the machinery industry, the domestic general equipment manufacturing industry will be in the future. For a longer period of time, it will maintain stable growth.

In 2011, the growth rate of investment in fixed assets of the general equipment industry reached 30.62%, an average of 37.64% in the past five years. The rapid growth of investment in fixed assets, coupled with the economic recovery in the recovery of international manufacturing and domestic manufacturing, will continue to maintain rapid growth in the general equipment industry in the coming period.

In 2011, the total profit of the general equipment industry reached 286.225 billion yuan, an increase of 28.96% year-on-year. The average profit growth rate from January to November 2007 to January to November 2011 was 26.50%, and the profitability of the industry was strong; the total industrial output value The growth rate was 28.80%. The average growth rate in the last five years was 26.56%, and the industry demand was strong.

IV. Analysis of Development Trends of General Equipment Industry

From a policy perspective, general equipment manufacturing is the basis of equipment manufacturing. Under the backdrop of the return of international manufacturing and domestic manufacturing, in 2010, the State Council issued the “Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries. "Clearly," high-end smart equipment and basic manufacturing equipment "as the focus of high-end equipment manufacturing industry. In 2011, the State Council issued the "Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Plan (2011-2015)", focusing on promoting the in-depth integration of informatization and industrialization, transforming and upgrading traditional industries, and nurturing and expanding strategic emerging industries. In 2011, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "National 12th Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Development", which greatly increased the ability of independent innovation, enhanced scientific and technological competitiveness and international influence, and accelerated technological innovation capabilities. It can be predicted that the general equipment manufacturing policy will be mainly focused on enhancing the ability of independent innovation, encouraging enterprises to speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, encouraging enterprises to develop products with independent intellectual property rights, independent brands, and high added value; Industry product standard system.

From the perspective of cost and price trends, the largest amount of raw materials used in the general equipment manufacturing industry is steel. Therefore, the cost of general equipment is highly consistent with steel prices. In 2011, due to deceleration of high-speed rail investment, real estate regulation and monetary policy tightening and other reasons, steel demand was weak, steel prices showed a trend of high before and after low, and by the end of the year steel prices remained low and fluctuating. With the release of demand for steel from the downstream industries of the automobile, equipment manufacturing, and real estate industries, it is expected that steel prices will continue to rise slowly in 2012, showing a trend of low and high prices.

In 2012, the prices of general-purpose equipment products have remained stable, and prices of some high-end industries have risen slightly, such as automotive bearings and CNC machine tools; the prices of low-end products may have a slight fall.

From the perspective of technology and product development trends, China's general equipment manufacturing industry is not competitive in the high-end product market, and its industrial chain development is unbalanced. In the “Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries” and “Industrial Transformation and Upgrade Planning ( (2011-2015)” and “National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Development” and other policies, general research and development of equipment manufacturing industry will continue to increase, high-end CNC machine tools, key basic components and other basic equipment and support Products will become the focus of development, and the ability of independent innovation of enterprises will be improved.

With the improvement of the technology level and the market's increase in product requirements, the proportion of high-end products in China's general equipment manufacturing industry will gradually increase, and the company's production will gradually shift from low-end products to high-value-added products.

At this stage, overall, the general equipment manufacturing industry is less concentrated, and there are fewer large-scale enterprises. As the state encourages the implementation of mergers and reorganization policies and the strengthening of technology, the status of low concentration will be improved, especially in the machine tool industry. The degree of concentration will be greatly improved.