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In a group of 0.33hm2 mature rapeseed fields in the ten groups of Majiacun, three harvesters were used to demonstrate the on-site operation of the oil-laid machine. One is the Futian 4LZ-2.0 harvester for the staged harvest demonstration. The agricultural machine hand drives the harvester forward. Seven people will cut the rapeseed in the field and put it into the harvester's header to thresh it. The other two are Woer 4LZ-2.0 and Huzhou 4LZ-200 rice and wheat combine harvester for rapeseed combined harvest. These three machines were all modified by Hubei agricultural machinery personnel. The latter two units complete the operations of harvesting, threshing and cleaning. In less than 20 minutes, 3 combine harvesters will harvest 0.33hrn2 rapeseed.
The rapeseed harvested by the combine harvester typically has a loss rate of 8% to 10%, which is lower than 15% of the artificial harvest. The efficiency of a combine harvester is equivalent to 45-50 young and middle-aged laborers.
In 2005, the rapeseed planting area in Hubei Province was 1.178 million hm2, and the output reached more than 2 million tons. The rapeseed production area and total output accounted for about 1/6 of the national total, accounting for 1/18 of the world. Rapeseed has become a major economic crop in Hubei Province. Among them, low-low rapeseed (low erucic acid, erucic acid content decreased from 40%-50% to about 1%, which makes a fundamental change in the quality of practical vegetable oil; low glucosinolates per gram of vegetables The content of the cake is reduced from 100-150 micrograms to 30 micrograms per gram of cake, so that the dish that is not suitable for feeding becomes a high-quality vegetable cake.) The industry is the “four excellent†in Hubei Province (high-quality grain, high-quality cotton, high-quality oil, etc.) One of the projects. The province's double low rapeseed developed from 25,000 hm2 in 1990 to 1.066 hm2 in 2005, and the proportion of double low rape increased from 4.6% to 90%; the total output increased from 710,000 tons to 2.03 million tons. , an increase of 1.8 times. The planting area and output of rapeseed in Hubei Province has been ranked first in the country since the “Ninth Five-Year Planâ€. In 2005, the annual output value of rapeseed primary processing in Hubei reached nearly 6 billion yuan, and the average yield per mu was 114.7 kg, which was 20% higher than the world average yield of 94.7 kg and 13% higher than the national average yield of 101.2 kg. The dominant area of ​​rapeseed in Hubei is mainly concentrated in 28 counties (cities, districts) in Jianghan Plain, Edong, Ezhongzhong and North.
According to Wu Qingfeng, director of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Office of Hubei Province, since 2001, Hubei Province has begun to try to mechanize the whole process of rapeseed production from seed to harvest, and has achieved certain results. Tianmen City, Jiangling County, Jingmen and other cities and counties' agricultural machinery departments have explored the experience of segmental harvesting of rapeseed. The rapeseed machinery is harvested first by artificially cutting the rapeseed, laying it in the field and drying it to 7-8%. Manually picking up, the modified combined harvester completes several processes such as threshing, cleaning and straw crushing. Through the modification of the crawler-type rice-wheat combine harvester suitable for the rapeseed machinery harvested in Hubei Province, Qianjiang City has explored the operation experience of one-time harvesting, threshing and cleaning. Hubei Province has determined the overall goal of mechanization development of rapeseed production: During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, Hubei Province selected 28 cities and counties in the production area of ​​double-low rapeseed production, and selected about 50% of key counties and cities to build a mechanized demonstration zone for double-low rapeseed production. Promote the extraordinary development of mechanization of rapeseed production by point and face. Through the use of mechanized production, the oil menu is increased by 10kg/mu, and the average saving of labor is 5 per mu. At the end of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the mechanization level of rapeseed production in Hubei Province reached 80% of ploughing, 30% of planting, 40% of harvest, 20% of drying, and 40% of comprehensive mechanization, forming a scientific mechanized production equipment system and technical standards. system. By 2002, the mechanization level of rapeseed production in the province reached 90% of cultivation, 60% of planting, 70% of harvest, 70% of drying, and 70% of comprehensive mechanization.
Academician Wang Yuhua of China Agricultural University said happily in the field: Hubei has carried out different forms of technology and models in the five years of rapeseed harvesting, and explored how to improve labor productivity, reduce farmers' labor intensity and reduce costs. Today, see Hubei rapeseed. The breakthrough in technology is exciting. I believe that after a period of time, through agronomic and equipment improvement, the enterprise and industry will work together to achieve mechanization in the whole process of rapeseed cultivation, planting and harvesting, thus promoting new achievements in the production of rapeseed machinery in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Academician Fu Tingdong of Huazhong Agricultural University gave a speech at the seminar. He analyzed the three unfavorable factors of rapeseed machinery seeding: first, the seed is small, the seeding amount is difficult to control; second, the seed is small, the storage nutrient is small, and the quality of the land preparation is required. Gao; the third is that the southern paddy field rapeseed accounts for 80%, the soil is sticky, and the quality of the land preparation is not easy to guarantee. He also analyzed the four unfavorable factors of mechanical harvesting of rapeseed: one is infinite inflorescence, the flowering period is up to 30 days, the maturity of one upper fruit is inconsistent; the second is that the pod is easy to crack and the mechanical operation loss is large; the third is that the plant is tall, In the wind, the degree of lignification of the stalk is low and it is easy to fall; the fourth is that there is much rain in the harvest, the seed is stained on the shell, the shell seed is not easy to separate, and the seed is easy to germinate and mold. In response to the above problems, Fu Yuantu proposed: variety characteristics, cultivation techniques and mechanical properties should be coordinated with each other, and improved in variety traits to meet the needs of mechanization: first, the varieties require semi-dwarf rods, anti-falling; second, the plants are compact, It is suitable for direct seeding and dense planting. The flowering period is concentrated and the maturity is relatively consistent. The third is that it is not easy to split the angle, and the harvesting is less when harvesting. The fourth is that the seed has a certain dormancy time and is not easy to germinate on the ear.
Breakthrough progress in Hubei rapeseed harvesting technology
The Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture held a seminar on the development strategy of rapeseed production mechanization in Hubei. Before the meeting, a demonstration of the rapeseed mechanized harvesting site was held in the 10th group of Majiatai Village, Qianjiang City Garden Office, Hubei. Wang Yihua and Zeng Dechao from China Agricultural University, Jiang Yiyuan from Northeast Agricultural University, Guan Chunyun from Hunan Agricultural University, Fu Tingdong from Huazhong Agricultural University, and other academicians, Deputy Director Zhang Tianzuo of the Department of Agricultural Mechanization and Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi The relevant responsible persons of the 8 provinces and municipal agricultural machinery bureaus in Hunan and Sichuan witnessed the new breakthroughs in Hubei rapeseed harvesting technology.