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It is understood that coal consumption accounts for 67.7% of China's total energy consumption, and its generated carbon dioxide emissions account for 81% of total national emissions. According to Dr. Lin Quan from China Shenhua Coal-to-Liquid Oil Co., Ltd., the process of using coal to replace traditional petrochemical products for oil production is generally accompanied by the adjustment of the hydrogen/carbon atomic ratio, which results in the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide, such as the production of carbon dioxide emitted by one ton of methanol. About 2 tons, the production of 1 ton of olefins is about 6 tons, and the production of 1 ton of oil is about 8.8 tons. According to the preliminary plan of the National Development and Reform Commission “Mid-term and long-term development plan for coal chemical industry†(draft for solicitation), the scale of development of coal-to-oil will reach 30 million tons/year by 2020, and the scale of coal-to-olefins will reach 8 million tons/year. Coal-to-methanol will exceed 60 million tons/year, and the amount of carbon dioxide emitted will exceed 200 million tons/year.
At present, the amount of carbon dioxide used is far from being balanced with emissions. It is a way to inject carbon dioxide into oil fields to increase the production of crude oil. However, most coal chemical companies are far from oil fields and must adopt long-distance pipeline transportation, which is not economically viable. In addition, the temporary storage of CO2 in the ground or under the sea is a realistic option, where the separation, capture, and concentration of CO2 into a liquid for easy storage is the key link and the most costly step. Many countries in foreign countries have begun to implement this program. China also began experimenting with carbon dioxide storage technology in 2003 and explored experience.
According to Professor Tian Hengshui, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, carbon dioxide is an important carbon-chemical raw material that can synthesize many kinds of fine chemical products and vigorously develop the green utilization technology of carbon dioxide, which is expected to eradicate or substantially reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the source. In recent years, with the successful development of high-quality, high-quality catalysts and the improvement of copolymerization technology, many high-performance polymer materials such as polyketones, polyethers, and aliphatic polycarbonates have been synthesized using carbon dioxide as a raw material.
However, at present, China's traditional chemical industry still uses a large number of backward coal chemical technologies. For example, most of the nitrogen fertilizer industry uses intermittent gasification technology, which not only has high unit coal consumption, high energy consumption, but also high carbon dioxide emissions. According to Prof. Fang Dezheng, an advisor of the National Clean Coal Technology Planning Leading Group, the use of new coal chemical technology can achieve cleaner production, and a significant proportion of carbon is incorporated into the product, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions. In 2006, the production of synthetic ammonia using coal as raw materials in China was 4.43553 million tons, and the production of synthetic ammonia using intermittent gasification technology was 32.8944 million tons. If the intermittent gasification is reformed using coal-water slurry gasification technology, the ammonia industry will be one year. Can reduce 40.375 million tons of carbon dioxide.
Ni Weidou, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that with the new coal chemical technology, the carbon dioxide that needs to be temporarily discharged can be separated and concentrated during the production process, laying the foundation for future underground carbon dioxide storage.
Ni Weidou also believes that in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, coal, electricity, chemical and heat cogeneration is a feasible way. Collecting carbon dioxide at a concentration of 13% to 14% from a large volume of flue gas from a conventional coal-fired power plant will consume a lot of additional energy, reducing the power generation efficiency by about 10 percentage points. The coal, electricity, chemical, and thermal multi-products can capture high concentrations of carbon dioxide during the entire process, which consumes much lower energy and costs than conventional power plants.
Xie Kechang, a coal chemical expert and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, proposed the use of coal coking and gasification dual gas heads without change and cogeneration technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through restructuring. The technology has obvious economic benefits, the investment cost is lower than the coal gasification cogeneration technology, and the power generation cost is equivalent to the coal gasification technology. The cost of methanol produced is only 800 yuan, which is 300 yuan less than that of the coal gasification cogeneration technology. The cost of methanol for gas production is nearly 600 yuan.
In addition, coal, chemical, metallurgy, and electricity polygeneration through the use of coal reduction gas ironmaking, not only can eliminate the use of coke brought about by environmental pollution and high carbon dioxide emissions, but also to create conditions for improving the quality of steel, improve the coal usage efficiency.
"The best carriers for carbon dioxide recovery are forests and green areas." Tang Hongqing, deputy chief engineer of Sinopec Ningbo Engineering Co., Ltd., told reporters. He explained that by growing forests and green areas, coal chemical companies can convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds while providing oxygen.
Development of coal chemical industry to explore new models of carbon emission reduction
With the rise of domestic coal chemical projects, carbon dioxide emissions have attracted attention both inside and outside the industry. Experts suggest that coal chemical companies should actively choose the mode of emission reduction and utilization of carbon dioxide during their development.