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China is not only a big producer of food, but also a country with a large population. Food is the cornerstone of maintaining national security and market stability. As the world's largest food producer and consumer, China produces about 500 million tons of grain per year, and losses after grain harvesting are as high as 18% during threshing, drying, storage, transportation, processing, and consumption. Among them, due to climatic reasons, cereals have no time to dry up or fail to achieve safe moisture, resulting in moldy, germinated and other losses of up to 5% of food, annual loss of about 20 million tons, direct economic losses of 20 billion to 30 billion yuan. In this sense, it is necessary and strategic to develop the grain drying equipment industry. So, what is the current status of China's drying equipment industry? What are the problems and bottlenecks? Where is the direction of future development? Who will lead the industry to lead the "big banner"? These are the focus of the first national grain drying equipment technology and industry development summit in 2017.
Grain drying technology As the most basic and important technology for maintaining grain storage stability, China has always attached great importance to and support. With the application of mechanized harvesting technology, grain harvesting efficiency has been greatly improved, and mechanized harvesting must be combined with grain drying mechanization. After decades of hard work, China's grain drying technology has achieved rapid development. However, with the increase in demand for high-quality grain and oil and the upgrading of environmental protection concepts, existing drying technologies have been unable to meet production needs to a certain extent.
The prospects are promising and the roads are winding. The development of China's drying equipment industry is still in a non-standard development stage. The front road is full of pressures and challenges, and there is still a long way to go to become a healthy and healthy development track.
| Status: Lower scale, standardization, and standardization
“In the “cultivation, collection, and storage†link, grain drying is a missing link.†Professor Zhang Lailin of Henan University of Technology bluntly stated that “there is a precarious situation†behind the “prosperity†of grain drying in our country. “The level of grain drying mechanization in China is low, yet less than 10%, while the level of mechanization in Japan and the United States is above 95%. At present, the mechanization of agriculture is progressing to full-scale and comprehensive development, and the demand for agricultural machinery is extended to the pre- and post-production period, and the demand for agricultural machinery is also increasing. Drying equipment - grain dryer development."
Although the drying equipments developed by various domestic companies have their own characteristics, subject to the subjective knowledge and objective conditions, most grain drying equipments generally have certain problems in design, manufacturing and practical application.
In terms of the design and manufacture of drying equipment, Guo Shanhui, deputy general manager of COFCO Engineering Equipment (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., believes that there are various theoretical and technical problems in China at this stage. "First, the lack of theoretical research has become a bottleneck restricting the development of drying technology and equipment. At present, China's relevant colleges, research institutes and drying equipment manufacturing companies do not have a perfect experimental platform, the experimental means are backward, and the product R&D investment is insufficient. The equipment design has great blindness, and the process parameters are not reasonable, especially for the drying characteristics of different materials, the accurate research on the key parts of the existing drying equipment affects the use of the dryer. Dryers also have a large number of traditional hand-made methods, affecting their appearance and applicability.Over the past decade, China has continuously developed new processes, new models, new energy models, and trained a large number of drying technicians. The emergence of a large number of grain dryer manufacturers, but from the drying technology, China is still very backward, and can not be compared with the international advanced level."
In the technological system of advanced manufacturing, the role of standards and standardization has undergone qualitative changes under the current trend of economic globalization. Standardization has far-reaching effects on industrial technological progress and competition. Whether or not we can seize the opportunity to gain an opportunity in the standardization field is of great strategic significance to the future development of China's advanced drying manufacturing industry.
Zhang Laiming believes that in terms of actual promotion and application, China's drying equipment products have a low degree of scale, standardization and standardization, and there are four problems: The degree of understanding of the standardization of drying equipment is not enough, and at present, there is still no drying equipment as a production process. Can not be seamlessly docked with other equipment; lack of standardized investment, how to allow manufacturers to consciously implement the standards, or allow manufacturers to produce in accordance with standards, investment in these areas is still far from enough; due to lack of talent, the current standard formulation and related The research and development of industrial technology is seriously out of line; the formulation of standards is out of line with promotion, and there are many existing drying equipment standards, but there is no effective promotion, and there are no relevant documents for drying equipment to be implemented according to standards.
It is understood that in 2005, there were less than 10 low-temperature circulating grain dryer companies, which increased to 109 by the end of 2016. As a result of disorderly competition and unequal competition, it has neither created benefits for the users nor brought benefits to the company. At the end of last year, after the China Agricultural Machinery Industry Association conducted a survey on some dryer companies, industry colleagues hoped to standardize industry standards, improve product quality, and achieve fair competition as much as possible.
Normative and up-grading industry standards need to be put on the agenda. Wu Jun, general manager of Yamamoto Machinery (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., said: “In terms of identification and testing, we hope to speed up the formulation and determination of national moisture testing standards and change from ex ante testing to post-examination. At present, since the dryers have state subsidy funds, Before the company sells, it must try its best to pass the appraisal and enter the national subsidy catalogue, once it passes the appraisal, there may be issues such as subtraction and quality reduction in actual sales, and products different from the appraisal products will appear, and the update cycle of new products and new technologies will be accelerated. , And the dryer testing is affected by the season and the testing time is long, which indirectly affects the enthusiasm of the company to introduce new technology. Through the prior record, the method of post-test examination and verification is conducive to the introduction of new technologies, accelerate the development of new products and enter the market."
Wu Jun suggested that the dryer should be gradually changed from professional testing to user participation testing. At present, the quality of domestic dryers varies greatly, making it difficult for users to determine. In foreign countries, in addition to companies that should have produced qualified products, many users and purchasing and storage departments are also indirectly involved in the evaluation. It is advisable to learn from foreign experiences so that users can participate in and supervise product quality. â€
Hu Xuejun, chairman of the Drying Equipment Branch of the China Agricultural Machinery Industry Association, believes that the dryer industry standard is not only a criterion for determining whether a product is qualified or not, but also should be the basis for penalizing unqualified products. Through the formulation of industry standards to improve the industry's access threshold, we will eliminate small-scale, low-tech, low-capacity, and focus only on immediate interests and lack of R&D investment.
In addition, it is necessary to increase the communication channels between governments, enterprises, and users, regulate market behavior, and enable the dryer industry to achieve a virtuous circle. With the large enterprises entering the dryer industry, the market is becoming more and more fierce. Compared with small and medium-sized enterprises with insufficient financial strength, the quality performance of products is the core competition. In developed countries such as Germany, the United States, and Japan, increasing the communication channels of relevant government departments, enterprises, and users, actively guiding and regulating the market is the core competitiveness, and the second is to emphasize reasonable prices.
|Foreground: To form an intelligent food drying warehousing integrated solution
"The development of grain drying equipment must pay attention to energy conservation and comprehensive utilization of energy. Green, energy saving, intelligence, and high efficiency will be the new directions for the development of China's drying equipment industry in the future," Hu Xuejun said.
At present, most of China's grain drying equipment uses coal as a heat source, while western developed countries rely mainly on fuel and natural gas. However, the coal-fired furnace has a large furnace body, low thermal efficiency, high unit heat consumption, difficulty in controlling the air temperature, and the consumption of building materials such as steel and cement, high manufacturing costs, and short service life. In addition, coal-fired coal emits a large amount of sulfur-containing gas and dust, which pollutes the environment and is not conducive to environmental protection.
With the continuous improvement of China’s environmental protection requirements, coal and oil have been slowly banned from being used as heat sources. Biomass fuels also have disadvantages such as low calorific value and insufficient combustion. Therefore, the use of green new energy has become an inevitable trend. The new energy sources include steam, bottled liquefied natural gas, electricity (water source heat pump technology), far-infrared, solar energy, microwave, and other green new energy sources.
“The development trend of drying equipment is to give full play to the energy characteristics of different regions, such as adopting various joint heating methods, transplanting heat pump and heat pipe technology, and developing solar-type grain dryers, etc. It is also necessary to develop automatic control technology for grain dryers. In order to ensure the realization of optimal operating conditions. With the human attention to environmental protection, environmentally friendly grain dryers and heat sources will be the direction of future in-depth research." Zhang Lailin told reporters.
Drying Technology of Grain Dryer Cannot Adapt to Production Needs
With the application of mechanized harvesting technology, the grain harvesting efficiency has been greatly improved, and mechanized harvesting must be combined with the mechanization of grain drying. At present, although China's grain drying technology has achieved rapid development, with the increasing demand for high-quality grain and oil, and the upgrading of environmental protection concepts, existing drying technologies have been unable to meet production needs to a certain extent.