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The differential is to allow the two axles to rotate at different speeds during the steering of the car to meet the need for the two driving wheels to travel at different distances, enabling the car to run both straight and lightly.
At present, domestic cars basically use a differential consisting of a planetary gear, a semi-axle gear, a planetary gear shaft (cross shaft or a direct sale shaft), and a differential case.
The two half differential cases are bolted together, the driven gear of the final drive is bolted to the flange of the differential case, and the cruciform planetary gear shaft is installed at the joint surface of the differential case. In the round hole, each journal is sleeved with a straight-toothed conical planetary gear with a plain bearing. The left and right sides of each of the four planetary gears are meshed with a straight-toothed conical semi-axle gear. The journal gears of the side gears are supported in the corresponding holes on the left and right sides of the differential case, and the internal splines are connected to the half shafts. 
In a medium-sized or lower vehicle, two planetary gears are used in the differential because the torque of the driving wheels is not large. The corresponding planetary gear shaft phase is a direct-drive shaft, and the differential case can be made into a one-piece shell with large window holes. Through the large window holes, the operations of disassembling the planetary gear and the semi-axle gear can be performed.
The axle housing supports and protects the main shaft of the main reducer and the differential so that the relative axial position of the drive is fixed. Together with the driven bridge, it bears the weight of the car and withstands the various reaction forces and moments transmitted by the wheels.
The drive axle housing is generally composed of a main reducer shell and a half shaft bushing. The inside of the drive axle shell is used to install the main reducer, differential and axle shaft, etc.; the outside of the axle housing is connected to the frame through a suspension and the brake base plates are installed at both ends. Connect the wheels and withstand the various forces and moments from the suspension and wheels.
How Axle Gears, Planetary Gears, Planetary Gear Shafts, and Differential Housings Work