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Rice seedling transplanting in Jingshan County is about to go on Kangzhuang Avenue
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Due to the complex terrain in the hilly mountainous areas and the high mechanization requirements of the double-season rice, the mechanization level of rice production in the hilly mountainous areas of China, especially the level of mechanical transplanting, is very low.
Rice seedling transplanting in Jingshan County is about to go on Kangzhuang Avenue
Jingshan County, Hubei Province, has low mountains, hills and plains. It can be described as “seven mountains, one water and two fieldsâ€, a typical southern hilly mountainous county with a planting area of ​​850,000 mu. Through more than ten years of unremitting efforts, Jingshan County has broken through the techniques of early and late rice transplanting and transplanting, and has embarked on a successful road to rice transplanting with local conditions and distinctive features. The area of ​​machine transplanting increased from 5,000 mu in 2005 to 735,000 mu in 2016. The level of machine insertion increased from 0.6% in 2005 to 83% in 2016, and it became the “county†of the country's double-season rice region. In April, when the spring tide surged, it was the early rice transplanting season. The reporter went deep into the grassroots level of rice transplanting in Jingshan County to explore
difficulty
Three breeding methods
Nursery is the key to machine transplanting. Only by breaking through the bottleneck of breeding, it is enough to promote machine transplanting. Jingshan County has adapted from local conditions, from "being in front of the house to raising the oysters" to "concentrating the sheds in the greenhouses and arranging the farms" to the "factory streamlined breeding line", and steadily and steadily, "flowers open three", in parallel, breaking through the breeding link.
"Before and behind the house, breeding" is tenacious
In April, the Jingshan countryside is green and lush, green and along the meandering country roads. It has a panoramic view of the spring ploughing scene. It is amazing to see the peasants’ “before and behind the houseâ€.
The reporter saw at the door of Deng Rufa, a villager in Gongwan Village, Caowu Town. On the open space in front of the gate, the seedlings of 30 to 40 square meters were growing vigorously and green. Deng Rufa said happily that he is more than 60 years old this year. His children are working in the city. The farmer’s work at home depends on him alone. “It’s all mechanized now. The technology of transplanting and transplanting is not complicated. Sixty-seven years ago, the county’s The farm technicians came to the door to serve, and they taught quickly. Once they learned it, others learned, and when they didn’t understand, they would say hello to the people who met, and they would soon find a trick, and they would be able to find their own children. You don't have to go home, it's too easy now, and you don't have to bend over and hug your back."
The reporter went deep into Gongwan Village and Dengli Village of Caowu Town, Jingshan County, Yanli Village, Hongmiao Village of Qianchang Town, Dashu Village and Macheng Village of Luodian Town. Everywhere you can see the farmers in their own house. The seedlings bred at the site, the green seedlings danced with the wind, and became a unique landscape at the door of the farmer's house.
Not only individual farmers, but also agricultural machinery cooperatives are happy to accept the “before and after the houseâ€, using the words of Liu Shiyong, chairman of the Lixiong Agricultural Machinery Cooperative of Jingshan County, to describe that “as long as the organic transplanting, the breeding in front of the house will exist and will not disappear†.
Liu Shiyong told reporters: "The seedlings raised in front of the house, the seedlings are strong, the roots are developed, and because they grow in the natural environment, they have a strong vitality when they meet the appropriate sunshine, air and rain." The demand for seedlings is large, but more than half of the seedlings of the Lixiong Agricultural Machinery Cooperative are still open-air breeding. The principle is the same as that of the villagers in front of the house. It is not at the door of their own home, but on the open space behind the cooperative. A lot bigger.
According to Zhang Zhongxin, deputy director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jingshan County, the “in front of the house and the rear of the house†was very obvious in the initial stage of the machine transplanting. This is a traditional artificial breeding method in Jingshan County. The farmers use the artificial method to raise the oysters in the space behind the house. This method is low in cost, simple in method and easy to manage, suitable for farmers in hilly and mountainous areas, small-scale places and agricultural machinery cooperatives with specific needs.
"For more than a decade, the pre- and post-housing breeding still exists. This is determined by the special hilly landforms of Jingshan. Many of the fields are scattered and fragmented, and it is impossible to carry out land transfer. It is not convenient for large-scale operation, and farmers are raising their own. You can do your homework by buying a hand-held rice transplanter. This is a mechanized way of working naturally chosen by farmers," said Zhang Zhongxin.
When Luo Xiwen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, went to Jingshan County to investigate the rice transplanting, he highly praised the practice of "the flat-length and long-sized fields can also be machine-plugged." The field that can achieve the "flat, long, and big" can also be used for machine insertion. Obviously, the "before and behind the house" that farmers are willing to accept has played a huge role.
Green sheds and large fields are in full swing
With the rapid deployment of machine transplanting in Jingshan County, it is obviously unable to meet the growing demand for machine insertion by relying on “the front and rear of the houseâ€. Therefore, under the strong promotion of the agricultural machinery department of Jingshan County, the development of greenhouse and field breeding methods Rapid and universal.
The reporter saw in the Yanli Village of Qianchang Town that the rows of neat nursery sheds were particularly dazzling under the sunlight. Walking into the greenhouse, the green and oily seedlings are coming, but it is gratifying. In the Datian not far away, the seedlings blowing in the wind are lush and lush. According to reports, Yan Licun's 12 steel frame plastic greenhouses have an area of ​​4,000 square meters, and the area of ​​the field has a breeding area of ​​1,500 square meters. It has raised more than 32,000 dishes and can be inserted into 1450 acres of large fields. These greenhouses and Daejeon nursery are all unified varieties of farmers, uniform seeding time, unified operation process, and spontaneous breeding using soft hard disks.
"I am 36 acres of early rice fields. After the greenhouses are used for breeding, all of them are transplanted with rice transplanters. It can be inserted in only two days, saving labor and time and saving a lot of expenses." Qianjing Village, Qianchang Town Group villager Qian Aiyan said happily.
Yanmenkou Town is a double-season rice production area in Jingshan County. In Haoxiang Village, the villagers will transplant the seedlings in the greenhouse to the Daejeon, mechanically cultivated, transported seedlings, mechanically transplanted, and woven into a spring plowing. Farming pictures. A villager said that this year he did not carry out concentrated breeding in the greenhouse. As a result, due to improper management, the seedlings grew weak and did not concentrate on the seedlings in the greenhouse. They said that they will participate in the greenhouse in the next year.
Not only do farmers spontaneously carry out greenhouses, field breeding, cooperatives and family farms, but they also actively play their own advantages and concentrate on breeding. Zhonghua Song, director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jingshan County, said that farmers are concentrated in greenhouses or in large fields, and they use artificial or mechanical lines to raise their health. The advantages are simple and easy to learn, easy to manage centrally, prevent the impact of “cold spring coldâ€, and effectively reduce production costs. Large-scale management of large planters, cooperatives and family farms. However, for ordinary farmers, the construction of a greenhouse requires a certain amount of capital investment, which may affect the enthusiasm of some farmers.
Industrialized breeding is gradually taking on the heavy responsibility
In recent years, the early rice cultivation in Jingshan County has been favored by the method of planting water in the factory, and the early rice cultivation has basically achieved factoryization and commercialization. New business entities such as agricultural machinery cooperatives and family farms have taken on the important tasks of factory farming.
The reporter saw in the Lufeng Agricultural Machinery Cooperative of Macheng Village, Luodian Town, Jingshan County that the factory-organized early rice breeding was very neatly arranged. Apart from the insertion of its own paddy fields, the rest were all based on the order model, which was used for the surrounding farmers. Through large-scale centralized breeding, the production cost is greatly reduced. Li Qingyang, chairman of the Lufeng Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, told the reporter: "Now the labor cost is too high, the traditional way of the people, from breeding to Shimoda about 700 yuan. We now implement factory-based breeding, large-scale operation, cost control within 300 yuan, one The acres of land will reduce the cost of 400 yuan."
According to reports, the soil for the cultivation of seedlings in the factory is no longer an ordinary farmland soil, but a dark brown artificial soil substrate. This is a modified cultivating soil made by fermenting biogas slag, livestock manure, etc. after straw smashing. "In the past, some cooperatives used nutritious soil to raise oysters. The nutritious soil is that they are used in the field. The soil of a plate is about 8 pounds. In recent years, we have improved the substrate and adopted the substrate to raise the soil. The problem is also finding a way out for straw."
The reporter just met a 62-year-old farmer Qin Kezhen who ordered the seedlings at the Lufeng Agricultural Machinery Cooperative. She told reporters that she was originally raising her own children, but because of the fact that she had a few days out at home, the sun was too strong, so that the seedlings withered and died, had to go to the cooperative to order the seedlings. "The price is second, mainly depends on the quality of the seedlings. The seedlings are good, green and strong, I am going to order."
The Dongfang Agricultural Machinery Cooperative of Caowu Town, Jingshan County has two sets of factory-based breeding lines. Unlike other cooperatives, the seeds and strong nutrients of this cooperative are mostly provided by users themselves. The cooperative is responsible for the operation of the breeding, and each unit receives one yuan. Operating fee. “A set of factory-based nursery line is close to 20,000 yuan. This year, it has received more than 2,000 acres of orders. Each mu of land needs 23-25 ​​seedlings. After deducting labor and other expenses, the cost can be recovered in one year.†Director of the Oriental Agricultural Machinery Cooperative Oriental beauty said.
According to reports, this year's Jingshan County's early rice concentration rate of 70%, the county is expected to insert 138,000 acres of early rice, the early rice transplant rate is estimated to reach about 93%.
“The planting link has long been a bottleneck that plagues the whole process of rice mechanization. It is urgent to innovate and break through. In the implementation of machine transplanting technology, the quality of seedling has a significant impact on the transplanting effect. How to combine the regional ecological conditions and planting system to carry out the standard age-appropriate standard cultivation, It is a big problem to improve the elastic adaptability of the transplanting machine. Jingshan County has developed a unique environment in front of the house to explore and innovate. A unique road, and this road can be used for the promotion of machine transplanting in mountainous areas. This benchmark is very significant.†Liao Qingxi, a professor at Huazhong Agricultural University and the leader of the mechanized promotion action group for major crop production in Hubei Province, told the reporter.
focus
Through the agricultural census data, nearly 10,000 rice transplanters in Jingshan County. The possession of the rice transplanter fully proves that 83% of the machine insertion level in Jingshan is real and there is no moisture.
Nearly 10,000 sets of transplanting machines in Jingshan County
Nursing is the key point and difficulty of machine transplanting. Once this "hard bone" is smashed, the level of machine transplanting is naturally "the sesame blossoms are high." As a carrier for implementing the machine insertion technology, it is also crucial to select a suitable rice transplanter.
It is understood that as of the end of 2016, through the data in the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy system, the number of rice transplanters in Jingshan County reached 6,500, ranking the entire province. As some farmers did not pass the subsidy system, the actual number far exceeded 6,500 units. According to the survey data of the province's agricultural census, it reached nearly 10,000 units.
The reporter visited many farmers, and the basic households all had a walk-behind transplanter. "If the home appliance is a necessity, then in our Jingshan, the rice transplanter is a necessity for production. My family relies on me to work alone, and there are two hand-held rice transplanters." Liu Ziguang, villager of Liugang Village, Luodian Town Say.
Zhang Mingbo, the station manager of Luodian Town Agricultural Machinery Station, told the reporter: “There are 66 villages in the town. In 2007, there were only three transplanting machines. Now the rice transplanting machine has become the standard of the family. Some villagers’ children are married and the rice transplanting machine is also used as a A dowry."
Zhonghua Song, director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jingshan County, said that in order to push the rice transplanter quickly, Jingshan County has achieved “five guaranteesâ€: one is to ensure that the new purchase of rice transplanters is 100% preferential to enjoy the purchase of agricultural machinery; the second is to ensure that each purchaser is free of charge. The whole process of technical guidance of the agricultural machinery department; the third is to ensure the after-sales service of each machine; the fourth is to ensure that the subsidy funds for the breeding equipment are in place according to the policy; the fifth is to ensure that each transplanting machine has the package service of the agricultural machinery professional cooperatives.
To the reporter's surprise, the maintenance workers can repair the rice transplanter very skillfully at every motorcycle maintenance point in Jingshan County. "Opening a repair shop in Jingshan, if you don't fix the rice transplanter, it would be a joke." A repairman said with a smile.
Flash point
Machine transplanting to promote the three "magic weapons"
The government attaches great importance to the magic weapon that can be widely promoted by Jingshan machine transplanting. For more than ten years, the demonstration and promotion of rice machinery seedling transplanting technology in Jingshan County has been highly valued by the county party committee and county government. The secretary of the county party committee personally presided over the conference on agricultural mechanization, and asked the county finance to use special funds for the development of machine transplanting. From 2009 to 2012, in the critical period of the promotion and development of machine transplanting in Jingshan County, the county finance allocated 100,000 yuan each year to accumulate subsidies for farmers who purchased rice transplanters. In addition to enjoying state subsidies, the county finance subsidies 500 yuan each. . 3,000 yuan will be awarded to the agricultural machinery operation organization or large agricultural machinery that purchases more than 3 transplanting machines and completes the transplanting area of ​​more than 1,000 mu.
The wide-opening demonstration session and the strong promotion of the agricultural machinery department are the second magic weapon for the success of Jingshan County. According to Zhong Huasong, director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jingshan County, in order to vigorously promote the work of transplanting the machine, the county has made great efforts and promoted it at three levels. First, focus on advancement. In the place where the foundation is better, the on-site demonstration meeting will be held frequently, so that the farmers can focus on the promotion and use the point to face and radiate the surrounding area. Since 2005, rice transplanting has been promoted in Jingzao Village and Caowu Town of Caowu Town with good conditions. By 2011, the rice transplanting rate of these two villages reached 95%, driving the surrounding six towns. Interpolation work. The second is to advance along the road. Take the soap line (east from Caowu, west to Sunqiao), Jingsong line (Xinshi to Songhe), Yingshang line (Luodian to Pingba), Hanyi line (Qianchang to Yanmen) along the road to promote rice Machine plug, the demonstration line reaches the contiguous line. The third is to promote the entire village. In the 12 towns of Qianchang, Yanmenkou, Sunqiao, Yongxing, Caowu and Luodian, the “propership promotion†and “whole village promotion†projects were implemented. The area of ​​key towns and villages has reached more than 700,000 mu. Transfer more than 150,000 laborers.
In the early days of demonstration and promotion of machine insertion, Jingshan County also faced problems such as unacceptable farmers, unsatisfactory breeding, and poor quality of transplanting machines. Zhang Zhongxin, deputy director of the Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Jingshan County, told the reporter two stories, which are very representative.
In 2005, a villager in Maling Village, Luodian Town, after watching the live demonstration of the machine transplant, was very happy and immediately bought a transplanter to go back. Unexpectedly, the light failed twice in the breeding process. First, the pH of the cultivating soil was not well mastered, and then the drug was overdose after the cultivating, causing the seedling to die. At this time, he was very anxious, his wife also sneered at him: "Buy is not good, spend so much money to buy a pile of scrap iron back." After learning about the situation, the agricultural machinery technicians in the county and townships immediately gave him technical guidance and taught him to raise the school. One year later, the villager finally succeeded. When he pushed the rice transplanter to work in the field, many people were very envious, and he became a technical expert in the village. His wife looked in his eyes and liked it. When he was divorced because of the transplanting machine, he now let the two men warm up and remarriage through the transplanting machine.
In 2006, when a villager in Qianchang Town was preparing to carry out the machine transplant, his wife sang "anti-tune" with him: "It has been hand-plugged for many years, can you use this machine? Don't let the family have no food!" Therefore, they both husband and wife "divide in the road", you do your machine transplant, I use my hand to insert. Unexpectedly, when the harvest was measured after the harvest, the machine transplanted an increase of more than 30 kilograms per mu. The strong wife has been convinced this time: "Well, the family will open up the machine in the future."
There are many similar stories. Zhang Zhongxin said that it is a feasible way to promote machine transplanting through the three steps of “demonstration promotion, key promotion, and whole village promotionâ€. “We often invite farmers to let them see the effect of machine insertion, and farmers will gradually form. The habit of passing the band will tell the neighbors and friends how to intervene."
In the interview, the reporter learned that the promotion of machine insertion through the demonstration of large agricultural machinery and rural capable people is the third “magic weapon†promoted by Jingshan Machine. Liu Ruoxuan, a large agricultural machine in Yongxing Town, Jingshan County, is a user who purchases rice transplanters in the county. Liu Ruoxi, in front of the reporter, has dark skin and black eyes, and his eyes are bright and intelligent, like a "knowledge-oriented peasant." He told reporters that after graduating from Henan Agricultural University in 2004, he went to Jingshan Baodi. After seeing the live demonstration of the machine transplanting organized by the county agricultural machinery department, he was very happy and soon purchased a rice transplanter. Liu Ruojun, who is smart and eager to learn, soon became a big machine, and quickly drove the surrounding villagers.
In the spring of 2005, when the villager Han Zhiyuan of Yangquan Village in Yongxing Town was filling his face with more than ten acres of paddy fields, Liu Ruoxuan came to them. He generously promised to set up 5 acres of rice for Han Zhiyuan. No charge, and guaranteed production. Hard work pays off, and at the harvest time, the careful Han Zhiyuan was surprised to find that the seedlings that looked unremarkable at the time of the machine insertion increased the output by 147 kg per mu after harvest. Lao Han, who tasted the sweetness, received Liu Ruoxi from his hometown for dinner and signed a long-term machine insertion contract with him. As soon as the matter spread, the area of ​​machine insertion in Yongxing Town increased rapidly. In March 2008, Liu Ruoxuan and several large households negotiated the establishment of a professional cooperative of planting in Jingshan County, and through the cooperative, the area of ​​Yongxing Town in 2008 It has reached more than 8,000 acres, greatly reducing the labor intensity of farmers. As a result, Liu Ruoxuan was repeatedly awarded the “National Grain Production Household†by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the honor was full of a full wall of the cooperative office.
Zeng Linglong, a villager from Shengou Village, Qianchang Town, Jingshan County, purchased two rice transplanters in 2005. In 2006, he set up a mechanical transplanting company with 40 rice transplanters to operate the agricultural machinery in the local and surrounding counties. The income reached 7 in the year. Ten thousand yuan. These large agricultural machinery companies, through their own words and deeds and demonstrations, let the machine transplanted in Jingshan County to present the trend of the original.
During the interview, the reporter was deeply impressed by the fact that the level of machine transplanting in Jingshan County could be increased from 0.6% in 2005 to 83% in 2016, and the hard work spirit of the staff of the agricultural machinery department of Jingshan County and the agricultural machinery stations of various townships and towns. Remember the head. Jinghua County Agricultural Machinery Bureau Director Zhong Huasong and Deputy Director Zhang Zhongxin and others are all practical technical experts. It is because they have identified the machine transplanting, found the point of force, and paid a lot of effort. Jingshan County’s machine transplanted out A special and innovative road to local conditions has the meaning of “standardâ€.
The successful experience of rice transplanting in Jingshan County proves that only the government attaches great importance to it, the department strongly promotes it, and the big households demonstrate it, so that it can break the bottleneck of the machine and promote the bottleneck.