[Chemical composition] is a kind of basic amphibole, which is characterized in that the X-type (M4) cation is Na ⁺ and the Y-type cation has Al ³⁺ . The mineral composition is indefinite, and it often contains Fe ₂ O ₃ and CaO in its composition. The compositional changes of the blue amphibole are closely related to the metamorphic rocks.

[Crystal structure] monoclinic system; a ₀ = 0.954 nm, b ₀ = 1.774 nm, c ₀ = 0.529 nm; β = 103 ° 40 ' ± 1 '; Z = 2.

[Form] Crystals are rare. Common simplex is the oblique column {110}, {011}, parallel double-sided {010}. A polycrystalline twin crystal according to (100) can be seen. The aggregates are often radial and fibrous.

[Physical properties] gray blue, dark blue to blue black; streaks blue gray; glass luster. Cleavage {110} is complete. Hardness 6～

65. The relative density is 3.1 to 3.2.

[genesis and occurrence] metamorphic minerals. It is a characteristic mineral such as blue amphibole schist and mica schist. Blue amphibole is a characteristic mineral of the low-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic belt, and is also a characteristic mineral of the low-pressure high-pressure metamorphic belt on the ocean side of the “plate structure” subduction zone. [Identification characteristics] Radiation columnar morphology, gray blue ~ dark blue, produced in the chip rock.

[Main use] See the Asbestos family asbestos .

Hornblende asbestos

There are two main types of asbestos in nature: one is called serpentine asbestos, also called chrysotile (which will be described in the following section); the other is called amphibole asbestos. Fibrous hornblende minerals, collectively known as amphibole asbestos (Figure G-37). It was also said Na-rich alkaline amphibole asbestos, and tremolite, actinolite asbestos called amphibole asbestos narrow. Amphibole asbestos is the most important asbestos industrial source after green serpentine asbestos. Most of the good quality asbestos in nature is alkaline amphibole asbestos, especially high- iron sodium amphibole (also known as blue asbestos or blue asbestos ): NaMg ₂ Fe ²⁺ ₄ Fe ³⁺ [Si ₄ O ₁₁ ] ₂ ( OH) ₂ , Na content is the highest, because the double-chain is connected with cations Na and K with a large radius of low electric price, the contact force is weak, and it is easy to split (ie, the single or fiber bundle is very thin), forming the fiber length. High quality asbestos with good bismuth, soft texture, high tensile strength, alkali resistance and high temperature resistance. The crystal structure of amphibole asbestos is not significantly different from that of ordinary hornblende, but it contains more structural defects. These defects may be caused by the rapid growth of fibers, but they cannot explain the strength and softness of asbestos. Recent studies have shown that the surface structure of amphibole asbestos is stronger than the normal structure of amphibole crystals. Therefore, the surface structure may be an important reason for determining the high strength and softness of amphibole asbestos.

Figure G-37 hornblende asbestos

Asbestos is generally grown along cracks or filled with filling. The more stable the geological and physicochemical conditions are formed, the purer the components, and the higher the crystallinity, the better the quality of asbestos. Longitudinal fibers (i.e., fibers grown in parallel cracks) are not as stable as the transverse fibers (fibers perpendicular to the crack growth), and are susceptible to the external environment, so that there is no good transverse fiber quality. The main industrial applications of amphibole asbestos are: textile industry, cement industry, asbestos paper, filter, bakelite and insulation materials.

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