On the last weekend of March, Beijing, which experienced countless dust and smog, finally ushered in a rare spring rain. Like the spring rain, there is also Professor Zhu Xi, who came to Beijing from Tongji University in Shanghai. Although this trip was a hasty, Zhu Xi's professor still squeezed out the time and accepted an interview with this reporter. So, a busy afternoon, a clean coffee shop, a simple scholar, a question and answer, the interview began.
Professor Zhu Xichan, the protagonist of this interview, received his Ph.D. in the Department of Automotive Engineering of Tsinghua University in 1995. In 1996, he was transferred to the China Automotive Technology and Research Center for automotive safety research. He was the deputy chief engineer of the National Automobile Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. In 2005, he was appointed as the chief expert of the Key Discipline of Automotive Passive Safety of China Automotive Technology and Research Center. In 2001, he was appointed as a special expert of China Automotive Engineering Society. In November 2005, he joined the Automotive College of Tongji University as a professor. He is currently the director of the Automotive Safety Technology Research Institute. Professor Zhu Xichan is also a special vehicle recall and automotive three-package technical expert of the AQSIQ Defective Product Management Center.
If entering the automobile society is an important modernization symbol, representing the height of a country's industrial civilization and economic development, then the safety of automobile products is a shadow that must be accompanied by the automobile industry and industrial development. As early as the 1960s, the US economy has developed greatly, taking the lead in entering the automobile society, and road traffic safety has risen to become a major social problem in the United States. In 1968, the US government formally legislated to enforce the mandatory management of the safety performance of automotive products in the form of laws and regulations and mandatory standards.
The social responsibility of car safety is huge In the 1980s, China began to vigorously develop the automobile industry. In the 1990s, the automobile industry began to take shape. “I was involved in the research of car safety in this field, probably starting from Professor Huang Shilin, the founder of the car collision safety research, when I was pursuing a doctorate at Tsinghua University in 1991. At that time, Tsinghua University began to pay attention to car safety. The question is over.” Looking back on the past years, Professor Zhu Xi’s sighs and emotions. “In 1991, I was exposed to the passive safety technology of automobiles. After graduation, I entered the China Automotive Technology and Research Center in 1996, and I have done it now. It’s been almost 24 years since I counted it."
“The demand for practitioners in the field of automobile safety is very large. Not only have I continued to do this for so many years, including the graduate students I brought, and I still basically stayed in this industry after graduation. The car safety field has provided us with a very Good career opportunities. I have a sense of responsibility and mission for this job, and I am very passionate about this job. Moreover, the social responsibility of car safety is very important.” Professor Zhu Xi has worked hard in the field of automobile safety for many years. In his view, research in this field is technically challenging and social needs are enormous. Car safety and traffic safety are the most important concerns of the whole society. In the event of an accident, in addition to a large number of negative social impacts, it will bring huge economic losses.
The rapid development of automotive safety technology The development of automotive safety technology has led the world through such a route. According to Professor Zhu Xichan, in the 70s and 80s of the last century, the research on automobile safety technology was mainly used to solve the problem of handling of automobiles, so that the car did not lose stability during driving, and ensure the dynamic stability of the car. The iconic products for vehicle stability control during this period were ABS (Antilock Brake System) and ESC (Electronic Stability Program Control System).
In the 1980s and 1990s, research on automotive safety technology focused on how to save casualties in car collisions, which is the main period of collision safety technology and passive safety technology development. The most iconic products of this period are airbags, seat belts and safety bodies. In the auto show of China in the 1990s, major auto companies were demonstrating the airbags of their own brand cars and the high-strength steel body structure.
Nowadays, all countries in the world are studying automotive intelligent safety technology. This is the main technical development direction in the field of automobile safety in the next five to ten years, and it should be highly anticipated. Smart security technology really enters the market or after 2010, it is an active security technology, but it is different from the active security technology based on vehicle stability, and there are essential differences. Intelligent security technology means that a car not only needs to know its own state, but also knows the surrounding environment. Driver assistance and automatic driving techniques are used to avoid driver negligence or distraction causing accidents. The smart and safe iconic products are radars and cameras that detect the dangers around the car and alert the driver when they are in danger. They can even take the initiative to take emergency braking to avoid danger.
"Intelligent security technology has entered industrialization since 2010. I estimate that it will become the standard configuration of automobiles in the next three to five years, just like the airbags of the year. For the moment, a car is ideal. It is installed with three radars, one on the front and one on the left and the right. These three radars can identify the surrounding environment and mainly inductive road vehicles such as cars, non-motor vehicles, obstacles, etc. There are cameras in front of the car. Identify traffic markings and pedestrians.” When it comes to smart security technology, Professor Zhu Xi’s speech is full of good expectations and visions for future car safety.
The technological gap between China and the world is in the field of automotive safety technology, and the gap between China and the world is constantly shortening. For the passive safety technology of China's automobiles, Professor Zhu Xi's production believes that it has reached the international advanced level. In the C-NCAP crash test, it can be seen that Chery, Geely, BYD, Changan and other self-owned brands have received a five-star safety evaluation. Moreover, the requirements of the self-owned brand car for the safety body and the configuration of the airbag are not bad.
Nowadays, in the field of radar-based intelligent security technology, Zhu Xi's professor is delighted to see that China's independent brands are actively tracking the international advanced pace. Many self-owned brands have also equipped the world's most advanced ADS (adjustable suspension system), ACC (adaptive cruise control system), AEB (pre-crash safety system) and LKA (lane support system). However, in the research and development of basic industries and core components, China's technological level has a gap of one or two decades abroad. For example, the intelligent and safe core technology product vehicle radar, domestic auto companies are still completely dependent on imports. However, as China's auto companies pay more attention to the new smart security technology and development capabilities, China's future may shorten the gap between this field and foreign countries to 5 to 10 years.
“The new height in the field of automotive safety is smart safety. Therefore, automotive companies can no longer use passive safety technology as a vehicle safety standard.” Professor Zhu Xisheng talked about a situation that was seen when he used to passive safety standards. That is, most auto companies always want to delay their legs, and have always said that this collision standard can be delayed later. Can you ask for a lower price? "Now the domestic independent brands and joint venture brands have completely changed their thinking." There are no mandatory national standards in the field, but almost all domestic auto companies have entered the engineering stage for the research and development of smart security technologies. In particular, FAW Hongqi has already taken the lead and started industrialization. Other auto companies are gradually follow up. In the near future, through the joint efforts of these auto companies, we will further narrow the gap between domestic and international smart security technologies.
China's automobile safety standards are basically in accordance with EU standards. In terms of traditional active safety and passive safety, car safety is involved, especially in passenger car safety. The adoption rate is already high. Professor Zhu Xichan said that from the perspective of automobile safety standards, there is no gap between China and the EU. However, for intelligent security standards, the gap between China and foreign countries is huge. The European Automobile Standards and Regulations System (ECE), which involves smart safety standards, is in the process of research and development, but China has not yet intervened, and it is hoped that relevant domestic standardization organizations can focus on tracking.
The safety of the Internet of Vehicles cannot be ignored. In the past, the society always believed that speeding and overloading were the first reasons, and drunk driving was the second reason. This is not the case now. In September 2014, the cause of traffic accidents released in Shanghai showed that mobile phones have become the first factor. The Ministry of Public Security has defined this situation as “blind driving”. Since traffic accidents caused by the use of mobile phones in vehicles have accounted for 30% of the total number of traffic accidents, the social security problems caused cannot be ignored. Unlike drunk driving, speeding, and overloading, “blind driving” is more difficult to manage. Today, when entering the information society, the information service of the smartphone anytime and anywhere seriously interferes with the driver, so it is easier to distract and cause traffic accidents during the driving process. The development of Internet technology has also increased the hidden dangers of traffic accidents while facilitating life.
The Swedish government was the first country to propose the concept of zero casualties in road traffic, trying to create a road traffic environment without security incidents. Google, a well-known Internet company, has developed autonomous driving technology to transform road traffic ecology through high-tech technology. This also indicates that the next step in the development of the Internet is necessarily to enter automotive products. "Everyone likes the Internet, but when people bring the Internet into the car, we suddenly find that the problem is huge." Professor Zhu Xi has been constantly stressing that from the Internet to the Internet of Vehicles, security is the biggest obstacle, "So now you Looking at many things in the Internet of Vehicles, many applications of mobile phones, why auto companies do not research and design, are the automotive aftermarket. The DVD screen in our car is basically occupied by the aftermarket. Why not do auto companies? Simply bringing a lot of information on the Internet into the car will definitely cause serious security problems."
Traffic conditions require constant attention from drivers. Under the premise that drivers must drive by car and cannot distract themselves, the vast amount of information on the Internet is difficult to get involved in. If Internet companies want to optimize the living environment in people's cars, they must first solve the problem of automatic driving and the resulting safety of the Internet of the car network.
The car recall is a safe bottom line. The coffee shop is small, and the tables and chairs are very delicate. The bright sunshine after the rain through the glass windows makes this small store look particularly bright. After sipping a few mouthfuls of coffee, Zhu Xi’s professor talked with a heavy heart about his view of the car recall: “The car recall system was officially implemented in 2004. I think this system is very forward-looking. Especially this government. It is proposed to weaken the administrative license and tighten the scope of government approval, so the car recall will play a greater role."
The Chinese government's management of the automobile market is dominated by administrative licenses, and the administrative licenses are more pre-regulatory markets. Once the licensing process is completed, the corresponding post-market regulation will be more lenient, and in the long run, consumers will not be assured of product quality. The market-based administrative supervision method has led to some problems in product consistency. It is possible to sell products on the market, which are different from certified products. The quality of products will be discounted in the mass production process. These problems have now existed objectively.
“For the automotive aftermarket, recall is the bottom line. Car recall is to ensure the safety of these automotive products entering the market. In the work of the management center, I have always advocated that the car should not be recalled as a solution to all car quality problems. The only way, this will dilute the main responsibility of the car recall, and can not adhere to the bottom line of car safety." In the view of Professor Zhu Xichan, although China’s product recall system has been going through 10 years, the state’s attention is not enough. Need to increase investment. In particular, the current government proposed to weaken the administrative license, which means that the regulation of access to the automobile market will be simplified. If the automobile aftermarket regulation can not keep up, the quality and safety of automobile products may not be guaranteed. So from this perspective, car recall is the last line of defense to build a car safety problem from the aftermarket.
Difficulties encountered in China's recall management At present, the recall management system established in China is almost the same as that of the US system. However, China's recall management has also encountered problems, that is, insufficient funds and insufficient manpower. According to Professor Zhu Xi, China has only used one-tenth of the manpower of the United States, and about 0.3% of the United States, but manages the number of cars that are close to half of the United States.
Like the United States, the source of information on China's car recalls mainly comes from three aspects, namely, automobile complaints, traffic accident statistics, and maintenance records. A major role of the AQSIQ Defective Product Management Center (hereinafter referred to as the Management Center) in recall management is to collect complaints and collect defect information from complaints. This work has been done quite well by Professor Zhu Xichan. It has also become the main information channel for supporting management centers to implement recall surveys in recent years. However, in the statistics of traffic accidents, China is not doing as well as the United States. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) database stores a detailed record of almost all traffic accidents in the United States. Since this database of the Ministry of Public Security of China cannot be used across departments, the management center has established its own NAIS system and has set up several NAIS sites throughout the country. These sites will report the monitored traffic accident data to the management center. Through the monitoring of car defects in the car's suspected defects reported by these sites, the case of multiple defective car recalls has been successfully carried out. It can be said that the management center's NAIS system plays an important role.
Finally, there is a very important information route that is the maintenance record. However, the gap between China and the United States is still relatively large. All enterprises in the automobile repair industry in the United States are not allowed to destroy the maintenance records, and these maintenance records must be submitted to NHTSA. China has not been able to do this for a variety of reasons, but in the defect investigation, the AQSIQ and the management center will investigate the maintenance records of the relevant enterprise car 4S stores, and search for possible records from the maintenance records of these 4S stores. Defect problem.
Therefore, from a comprehensive perspective, the car recall system is a very forward-looking system. However, due to insufficient manpower and capital investment, there are shortcomings in the technical strength of defect analysis. "For example, in some models, when the automobile company does not take the initiative to take responsibility, does not recognize the defects and does not undertake the technical analysis of the investigation, the management center's automotive product defect engineering analysis laboratory is difficult to bear the responsibility of the defect identification engineering analysis alone." Talking about this, Professor Zhu Xi's face is a bit ugly. “Some companies believe that the defect center has no technical ability to carry out in-depth experimental research, so it can be concealed and concealed, and it cannot be recalled.”
Recommendations for recall work As an expert in vehicle safety and car recall, Professor Zhu Xi's main work is in the technical analysis and identification of defects. For those who have been engaged in research work in this area for many years, they also have their own suggestions. He feels that China has already had 10 years of experience in implementing a car recall and should do some better summing up work. In fact, many defects, between the appearance of the consumer and the cause of the defect, there are some common relations, should use these 10 years of experience, summed up these common relations. Specifically, it is possible to analyze the processed case data and carefully study which auto parts are prone to defects. What are the safety hazards caused by the problems of this part and what is the form of expression. After sorting out the summary of these summaries, the training of personnel can greatly improve work efficiency and improve work ability.

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