Non-ferrous metal mining and mineral mining is divided into two main steps.

Taking copper mining as an example: At present, China's copper mining is mainly two modes of open pit mining and underground mining. Open-pit mining is the separation of the rock layers overlying the ore body, and then the mining body is successively opened from top to bottom. Due to the large mining machinery that can be used, it has advantages such as high mining efficiency, low cost and large production capacity, but the deposit must have open-pit mining conditions. At present, there are only a few large and extra large copper deposits in China suitable for open pit mining. The mining depth of underground mining is generally 300-800m, and individual reaching more than 1,000m. The development method, according to the topography of the mining area and the ore body shape, scale and burial depth, etc., usually adopts four methods: shaft development, flat development, joint development and inclined well development. With the continuous exploitation of mineral resources leading to increased mining depth and increased environmental protection requirements, the proportion of underground mining is on the rise. Different mining methods have different mining processes, mining machinery, mining roadway layout and mining sequence. Therefore, the mining and selection enterprises should determine the appropriate mining methods according to the conditions of the deposits and the physical and mechanical properties of the ore and surrounding rock, and select appropriate mechanical equipment. If the mining methods and mechanical equipment are not properly selected, it will affect the mine production for a long time. Technical indicators and economic benefits.

From the mineral processing steps, the most commonly used mineral processing methods are gravity beneficiation, magnetic separation and flotation (or flotation). At present, the application range of flotation has been very extensive. The application of flotation method is considered to be an important achievement of mining and metallurgy technology in the 20th century, and plays an important role in the treatment of fine-grained ore and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. With the gradual shortage of mineral resources and the continuous development of mineral processing technology , the ore dressing grade with economic value shows a downward trend. Therefore, appropriate mining and mineral processing methods are selected to carry out comprehensive mining and comprehensive utilization, and the utilization rate and recovery rate of mineral resources are improved. Reducing the loss rate and depletion rate of ore can make rational use of various useful components in polymetallic ore.

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